What should be monitored in a patient with a prior history of malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia?

In a patient with a prior history of malignant hyperthermia, it is crucial to monitor both temperature and muscle rigidity during anesthesia. Malignant hyperthermia is a serious reaction to certain anesthetic agents, typically volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine, and it can lead to a rapid increase in body temperature, muscle rigidity, and metabolic changes.

Monitoring temperature is essential because one of the hallmark signs of malignant hyperthermia is a significant rise in body temperature, often exceeding 104°F (40°C). Detecting this early can be vital for prompt intervention. Muscle rigidity is another critical sign that can develop during an episode. It is important because it can lead to complications such as increased oxygen demand and potential damage to the muscles.

While oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and fluid output are all important parameters to monitor in general anesthesia, they are not as directly indicative of a malignant hyperthermia crisis as temperature and muscle rigidity. Therefore, focusing on the specific signs associated with malignant hyperthermia is vital for the safety and treatment of the patient.